花期追肥对川贝母产量和品质的影响
王新月１，２ 王业２ 邬洁２，３ 冯雪２ 高旦２ 付绍兵４ 李西文２ 陈士林１，２
（１贵州中医药大学药学院，贵阳，５５００２５；２中国中医科学院中药研究所，北京，１００７００；３云南中医药大学中药学院，昆明，６５０５００；４青海绿康生物开发有限公司，西宁，８１０００３）
目的：通过研究不同肥料追施对川贝母产量和品质的影响，确定优质川贝母生产的适宜施肥用量，为川贝母高产和高品质药材栽培提供理论和技术支持。方法：以５年生川贝母（FritillariacirrhosaＤ.Don）为实验材料，在初花期分别追施高、中、低剂量氮肥、磷肥和钾肥，分析肥料种类及不同剂量对川贝母叶片光合生理、荧光参数、主要农艺指标及总生物碱含量的影响。结果：分别追施不同量的氮、磷、钾肥对川贝母的光合参数和荧光参数均呈现先升高后下降的影响趋势，磷肥和钾肥的追施显著影响叶宽。以单果重、单果种子总粒数、种子结实率、种子千粒重、鳞茎鲜重和总生物碱含量作为综合评价指标，小区实验结果显示川贝母花期最佳追肥量分别为：氮肥20g／m2、磷肥g／m2、钾肥75g／m2。在最优的施肥用量下，３种肥料的综合品质评分为钾肥＞磷肥＞氮肥。结论：在花期科学追肥有助于川贝母产量和品质的提升，本研究可为人工种植川贝母施肥技术的提高提供理论支撑。
川贝母；肥料；光合；产量；品质
EffectsofTopdressingintheFloweringStageonYieldandQualityofFritillariaCirrhosaD.Don
WANGXinyue1,2,WANGYe2,WUJie2,3,FENGXue2,GAODan2,FUShaobing4,LIXiwen2,CHENShilin1,2
(1SchoolofPharmacy,GuizhouUniversityofTraditionalChineseMedicine,Guiyang,China;2InstituteofChineseMateriaMedica,ChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences,Beijing,China;3CollegeofTraditionalChineseMedicine,YunnanUniversityofChineseMedicine,Kunming,China;4QinghaiLvkangBiologicalDevelopmentCo.,Ltd,Xining,China)
AbstractObjective:Todeterminetheappropriateamountoftopdressingtoachievehigh-qualityFritillariacirrhosa(FC)andprovidetheoreticalandtechnicalsupportforthecultivationofhigh-yieldandhigh-qualitymedicinalmaterialsofFCaccordingtotheinvestigationoftheeffectsofdifferentfertilizers.Methods:The5-year-oldFCattheinitialfloweringstagewastopdressedwithhigh-,medium-,andlow-dosesofnitrogen(N),phosphate(P)andpotassium(K)fertilizers.Furthermore,theeffectsofdifferenttypesanddosagesoffertilizersonphotosyntheticparameters,fluorescenceparameters,mainagronomiccharacters,andtotalalkaloidcontentwereanalyzed.Results:ThephotosyntheticparametersandfluorescenceparametersofFCweresignificantlyincreasedandthendecreasedaftertopdressingofdifferentdosagesofN,P,andKfertilizers,respectively.Moreover,leafwidthwassignificantlyaffectedbythetopdressingofPandKfertilizers.Withfruitweight,totalseednumberperfruit,seedsettingrate,-seedweight,bulbfreshweight,andtotalalkaloidcontentas